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                                       “Scale” element to be empty with a “length“                                        attribute of type CDATA . If no length is 
                                        specified, it has a default value of 0. 
                                                                                Valid XML: 
                                                                            REQUIRED Syntax 
                                      
                                        
                                          <!ATTLIST element-name attribute_name 
attribute-type #REQUIRED> | 
                                         
                                                                             DTD Example 
                                      
                                        
                                          <!ATTLIST person number CDATA 
#REQUIRED> 
 
Valid XML: 
<person id=”5677" /> 
 
Invalid XML: 
<person /> | 
                                         
                                                                             Use the #REQUIRED keyword if you don’t 
                                          have an option for a default value, but still 
                                          want to force the attribute to be present.  
                                       IMPLIED Syntax 
                                      
                                        
                                          <!ATTLIST element-name attribute-name 
attribute-type #IMPLIED> | 
                                         
                                                                             DTD Example 
                                      
                                        
                                          <!ATTLIST emergency no. CDATA #IMPLIED> 
Valid XML: | 
                                         
                                                                              | 
                                    | 
                                  
                                    
                                      
                                        emergency no.=”555-667788" /> 
Valid XML: 
<emergency/> | 
                                       
                                                                         Use the #IMPLIED keyword if you don’t want 
                                        to force the author to include an attribute, 
                                        and you don’t have an option for a default 
                                        value. 
                                    FIXED Syntax 
                                    
                                      
                                        <!ATTLIST element-name attribute-name 
attribute-type #FIXED “value”> | 
                                       
                                                                         DTD Example                                     
                                    
                                      
                                        <!ATTLIST Client CDATA #FIXED 
“RoseIndia”> 
 
Valid XML: 
<Client =”RoseIndia” /> 
 
Invalid XML: 
<Client=”LotusIndia” /> | 
                                       
                                                                         Use the #FIXED keyword when you want an 
                                        attribute to have a fixed value without 
                                        allowing the author to change it. If an author 
                                        includes another value, the XML parser will 
                                        return an error.  
                                     Enumerated Attribute Values 
                                                                            Syntax 
                                    
                                      
                                        <!ATTLIST element-name attribute-name 
(en1|en2|..) default-value> | 
                                       
                                                                         
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                              Jan
                                  2008 | Java Jazz Up |34  | 
                             
                            
                              
                                
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